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The fortifications of Paris in the 19th and 20th centuries comprise: *The Thiers Wall, surrounding the city of Paris, and farther from the city, *The detached forts and their complementary fieldworks. They were built in two stages: *1840-1845: the Thiers Wall and the first ring of forts, about five kilometers from the city; *1874-1885: the second ring of forts, about twenty kilometers from the city. From a military point of view, Paris is a fortified camp situated in a basin. During the 19th century, both Prussian invasions (1814–15 and 1870) saw the bombardment of Paris from the surrounding heights. Fortifications were extended outwards after each invasion as the range of artillery continued to develop, in order to deny the use of the heights to the enemy. == Chronology == 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fortifications of Paris in the 19th and 20th centuries」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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