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・ Fortore
・ Fortosi
・ Fortran
・ Fortifications of Gibraltar
・ Fortifications of Gothenburg
・ Fortifications of Heraklion
・ Fortifications of Kingston upon Hull
・ Fortifications of Kotor
・ Fortifications of Kristiansand
・ Fortifications of London
・ Fortifications of Malta
・ Fortifications of Mdina
・ Fortifications of Messina
・ Fortifications of Metz
・ Fortifications of New Netherland
Fortifications of Paris in the 19th and 20th centuries
・ Fortifications of Portsmouth
・ Fortifications of Rhodes
・ Fortifications of Senglea
・ Fortifications of the Cape Peninsula
・ Fortifications of the inner German border
・ Fortifications of the Isle of Wight
・ Fortifications of Valletta
・ Fortifications of Vauban
・ Fortifications of Xi'an
・ Fortifications of Zürich
・ Fortified Area of Silesia
・ Fortified church
・ Fortified Church of St. Arbogast
・ Fortified district


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Fortifications of Paris in the 19th and 20th centuries : ウィキペディア英語版
Fortifications of Paris in the 19th and 20th centuries

The fortifications of Paris in the 19th and 20th centuries comprise:
*The Thiers Wall, surrounding the city of Paris, and farther from the city,
*The detached forts and their complementary fieldworks.
They were built in two stages:
*1840-1845: the Thiers Wall and the first ring of forts, about five kilometers from the city;
*1874-1885: the second ring of forts, about twenty kilometers from the city.
From a military point of view, Paris is a fortified camp situated in a basin. During the 19th century, both Prussian invasions (1814–15 and 1870) saw the bombardment of Paris from the surrounding heights. Fortifications were extended outwards after each invasion as the range of artillery continued to develop, in order to deny the use of the heights to the enemy.
== Chronology ==


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